Improved compound for the manufacture of lttbricating-oils



provedby the fact idly, that in t eventhe tread of the wheels will becovered with oil,

assignedit. t a t t Immediately about the hub of the wheel, oil will beobserved adhering quite freely when heavy oil is used, but having ratherthe appearance of heavy grease than pawn (tiijiirr.

E. HEN'DRICK, OFCARBONDALE, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent 1w. 90,100, am May 13,18 9.

-mrn'ov nn eomrormn r012 THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRIGA TING-OILS.

'i'heLflchedui referred to these Letters Patent and'making part of thesame.

To all whom it mayconcern:

- Be a known that I, E. EEENDRICK, pf the city of 'Carbondale, county ofLuzerue, in the State of Pennsylva'nia, have invented anew and improvedCompound,

l tohe Used in the Manufacture of Lubricating-Oils and Greases, which Ishall denominate Plumboleum; and Ido herebydeclare the following to be afull and clear description of the mode of compounding the same.

To enable others skilled inthe art to understand, so as to make and usemy ihventiom'l will proceed to describe its composition, and the mannerof compounding thesameg Y A It is' a well-'authenticatedsfact, that isgenerallyiun: derstood by men thoroughly versed in the use ofmineral-oils for lubricating-purposes, that such oils are valuable forthat purpose, just in. proportion to their specific gravity. Mineral-oilof a specific gravity of i 40 Bauins coal-oil'hydrorneten; ispractically worth-- lessfoslubricating'puiposes. Ata specific gravity of30, mineral-oil begins to deserve the title of lubricating-oil, but eventhen more because it is somewhat unfit for any other use than its ownquality for general lub'icating-purposes, for it is reallya veryindifferent ,lubricator,especially in warm temperatures.

Mechanicssay it has not body enough, and does notwear. The truth is thatit is of too light specific gravity in warm temperatures, and,consequently, does not remain on the journal, or where it is put,.whichis that 30 gravity. mineral-oil gives much better resultsin cold than inWarm weather,

which fact maybe explainedthusz the specific gravity of oils is testedat a temperature of 60 Jlahrenheit, and-every five -.degreeswariati'on,from a temperature of 60 causesone degree variation of the specificgravitym t Y W Now, if oil has a specific gravity of 30 ata temperatureof 60, then, at a temperature of 80, the

gravity will be 34,and correspondingly thinner; ergo,

, capillary attraction has so much more power to cause it to spread fromthe journal or bearing-surface to be lubricated; or, if placed inboxes,as is the custom on railroad-cars, filled with cotton-waste, orother medium used for packing, the capillary attraction of thepackingisso great as to raise such light-gravity'oil so rapa short spaceloftime, the whole side, and

and, upon'examination at such time, an insufficiency of oil will befound inside the box. With goodmin-- eral or other oil, of a specificgravity of 23 to 25, no i such result will be observed, as suchlowspecific grav ity partially overcomes: the capillary attraction, and

theoilremaius where it ought to, and does the work 'oil, whereas, wherethe light-gravity oil is used, the wheels have the appearance of having.been recently dipped. in kerosene or other thin oil, or spirits ofturpeutine. I

.It isevident to any one that oil which spreads itself away from theplace to he lubricated, and over surfaces not to be'lubricated, isuneconomical. It is, further more, a fact, which I have repeatedlydemonstrated,

that one gallon of mineral-oil, of a specific gravity of 23 to 25, willperform more service than two gallons 'of mineral-oil of a gravity of30. I In numerous instances, where mechanics using mineral-oil havereported it 'to lack ,body, I have tested it with the hydrometer, andfound it of correspondingly light specific gravity; and, ontaking thesame oil, and depressing the gravity by a mixture of tallow or oil ofheavier specific gravity, or other means, a

more favorable result hasbeen realized;

From a series of experiments, of some years duration,by closeobservation, I deduce the fetch-that what in common parlance is calledbody in lubricatingeoil, is

only another name for specific gravity, for to produce mineraleoil of,low specific gravity is to produce oil of v good body, andvice terse.,To obviate the difiiculty arising from a want of body in mineral-oils,resort is usually hadto a 'mixture of whale-oil, lard-oil, lard, tallow,or other heavy oils, greases, or fats, as the specific gravity of theseis lower.

Whale-oil having a specific gravityof 23, and lardoil of 25,to 26,therefore, if equal parts of these oils and mineral-oil of a specificgravityof 30 be mixed,

the resulting compound will be 27to 28, which is better than themineral-oil alone, just in proportion as thes'pecific gravity has beenlowered, but notvas good a lubricator as the lard or whale-oil, whichhas a specific gravity asso large an amount of the more expensive oil isrequired to reduce the compound to the safe point.

Therefore, in order to depress the specific gravity of mineral or otheroils that are of too light specific grav: ity forlubricating-purposesinexpensively, and yet effectively, I combine, with such oil, the oxideof lead, the specific gravity of which is twelve times heavier than oil,and hence a much less quantity is required Practically, this combinationgives the-best resultsl have ever wits ne'ssed, fully equal to lard orsperm-oil, and at acosts to accomplish the object sought.

of one-fifth the former, and of one-tenth the latter. With properattention to the manipulation, the resulting compound is of the rightconsistency, and of any desired specific gravity.

In practice,I use whale-oil in making the first combination,tplumboleumg and petroleum-oil of specific gravity oi 30 to 32 for themineral-oil partmf the of 23 to 26, oras mineral-oil alone of specificgravity 23 to 26; but mixing these costly oils'with mineral-oils'makesan expensive compound,

black, and to foam considerably.

second compound, and, by incorporating six to. eight ounces of lead witheach gallon of mineral-oil, I have a compound of a specific gravity of23 to 25, which is a very desirable point to attain.' This compound doesnot seem to gum more than sperm or lard-oil.

Mineral-oil of a lighter specific gravity than 30 or 32 may he used,with nearly as good results, by using a larger proportion of theplumboleum; to prepare which, I grind together, in an ordinarypaint-mill, eight parts, by weight, of oil, animal or vegetable, withsix parts, by weight, of the oxide of lead. I then place the ingredientsin a covered kettle of four times the of the quantity I wish to work,because it capacity froths and foams considerably at some stages of theprocess. I connect a high fine with the cover of the kettle, forcarrying away the fumes of the boiling compound, for the protection ofthe workmen. (I myself experienced serious symptoms of lead-poison, frominhaling the fumes from open kettles, sions, while experimenting withsmall quantities .in the laboratory.) I then apply heat until thethermometer inthe kettle indicates a temperature of 400 to 410Fahrenheit, when the contents of the kettle, which, by this time, haveassumed a darkhne, begin to turn At this time, I slacken the fire some;and, although this be done, yet the thermometer in the boiling compoundwill suddenly show an increase of temperature to 450 or 500, and I haveseen it rise, within a few minutes, to 560. This sudden rise oftemperature will take place to a certain extent, although the vessel beremoved from the fire when the thermometer first begins to show a suddenincrease of temperature; and, on the other hand, if the fire be kept upsteadily throughout, the

' temperature will fall, in the course of from fifteen to thirtyminutes, almost as suddenly as it rose, to about where it commenced itssudden rise. The foaming nearly ceases at the same time the temperaturefalls, and the compound becomes black, or of a very dark brown, or,perhaps, of the color of plumbago. At this time, I remove the fireentirely.

The sudden rise of temperature, noted above, I

think, indicates a chemical union of the plumbum and on several 00011--the oleum, and I name the compound, at this stage, plumboleum. Ithen-allow the compound to cool to about 300 to 350, at which time I addfrom fifteen to twenty parts, bybulk, of mineral-oil, previously heatedto about 200 or 300, or as much as will keep as may be desired.

By stirring moderately for an hour or nent union of the plumboleum andthe hydrocarbonoil takes place, Heat, cold, light, dark, or rest,,doesnot precipitate or separate the ingredients.

I have not experimented much with acids or alka lies on thecompound, asI do not contemplate the use of acids or salts in the manufacture;

My reason for using oil, animal or vegetable, in makingthefirstcomponnd, (plumboleum,) is, that mineraloil will not dissolve orunite directly with'the oxide of lead, but will dissolve, and unite, inany proportion, with the plumboleum.

I do not confine myself to the nor to any specific proportions, as theproportions may be varied almost indefinitely, by using a largerproportion of animal or vegetable oil, and less lead, and lessmineral-oil, or no mineral-oil at all, but simply combine the oxide oflead with the oil, animal or vegetable, in the-manner described, in theproper proportions. Either of the oxides of lead will answer.

I do not claim the use of oxide of plumbum when only a mechanicalmixture is made by stirring the oil and oxide of lead together, or ofoil so made. The difference is readily distinguished by the color andeffect, as the lead will soon precipitate. if the mixture be allowed torest.

Having described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The use of the'compound formed by a union of oil with the oxide of lead,in the manner and for the purposes substantially as described.

E. E. HENDRIOK.

so, a permaproportions named,

Witnesses:

J. B. Torrens, RoLLm H. SMITH.

the compound fluid when cold, ready to dilutefor use,

